Lung Disease - A Basic Overview

Lung disease is commonly used to refer to any disorder that disrupts the normal operation of the respiratory system. Medicine subdivides this condition into two categories i.e. obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.

In obstructive, airways narrow down completely or block hence reduction in exhaled air. Disorders like asthma, emphysema, COPD and bronchiectasis are caused by these obstructions.

In restrictive however, there is reduction in lung’s expandability and loss of tissues surrounding the lungs. This in turn decreases the lung’s functional ability since it is unable to transfer carbon dioxide and oxygen to the bloodstream as required.

On the other side, interstitial lung complication refers to sets of all conditions that infect the air sacs and tissue of the lungs (interstitium).

Causes

Heavy smoking
This might perhaps rank as one of the major reasons for this type of condition. Note that This applies to secondary smokers too.
Working environment
Workers involved in mining or blasting rocks are at a higher risk of this complication due to numerous amounts of dust and gas like radon hence it’s advisable to wear protective gear like masks to avoid these elements.

Workers dealing with asbestos also have to by law wear protective gear as it emits harmful substances.

Symptoms

These symptoms include coughing blood, wheezing sound when breathing, swelling at the throat, pneumonia, difficulties in swallowing and night sweats.

Treatment

Treatment is not general and actually involves the specific ailment that was caused due to the lung disease i.e.

Lung cancer is treated by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery.

Asthma which is characterized by wheezing is incurable hence treatment involves reducing it i.e. inhaling corticosteroids, theophylline and asthma action plan.

By far the most effective home remedy for these group of conditions is quit smoking and wear protective gear where there are elements that aggravate these conditions. These conditions are very severe and can even lead to death hence immediate medical assistance is recommended.

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